FLA-ST Ultrapure

Flagellin from S. typhimurium

FLA-ST is flagellin isolated from the Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium.

InvivoGen provides FLA-ST with two grades of purity:

• FLA-ST was purified by acid hydrolysis, heating and ultrafiltration. The purity of FLA-ST is estimated at 10%.

• FLA-ST Ultrapure was obtained following an additional purification step using monoclonal anti-FliC affinity chromatography. The purity of FLA-ST ultrapure is >95%.

Specifications

Specificity: TLR5 agonist

Working concentration: 10 ng - 10 µg/ml

Solubility: 0.5 mg/ml in water

FLA-ST

• Endotoxin level: 1-10 EU/µg

• Purity: ≈ 10%

FLA-ST Ultrapure

• Endotoxin level: <0.05 EU/µg

• Purity:> 95%

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Contents

FLA-ST

• 100 μg FLA-ST (standard flagellin from S. typhimurium)

• 1.5 ml endotoxin-free water

FLA-ST Ultrapure

• 10 μg FLA-ST Ultrapure (purified flagellin from S. typhimurium) or 50 μg FLA-ST Ultrapure (purified flagellin from S. typhimurium)

• 1.5 ml  endotoxin-free water

 FLA-ST and FLA-ST Ultrapure are shipped at room temperature

 Upon receipt it should be stored at -20°C.

 Lyophilized product is stable for 1 year at -20°C. Upon resuspension, prepare aliquots of FLA-ST and store -20°C. Resuspended product is stable for 6 months at -20°C when properly stored.

 Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Description

Flagellin, the principal component of the flagella present on many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, is a proinflammatory molecule recognized by distinct types of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs); the surface localized Toll-like receptor (TLR5) [1] and the cytosolic NOD-like receptors (NLRs), NLRC4 and NAIP5 [2].

Extracellular flagellin is detected by TLR5 resulting in MyD88-mediated NF-κB activation, cytokine and nitric oxide production depending on the nature of the TLR5 signaling complex [3].

Intracellular flagellin is detected by NLRC4 (also known as IPAF) and NAIP5. Recognition by NLRC4 and NAIP5, leads to inflammasome assembly, triggering caspase-1 activation of IL-1β and IL-18.

1. Hayashi F. et al., 2001. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5. Nature 410(6832):1099-103.
2. Zhao et al., 2011. The NLRC4 inflammasome receptors for bacterial flagellin and type III secretion apparatus. Nature.2011 Sep 14;477(7366):596-600.
3. Mizel SB. et al., 2003. Induction of macrophage nitric oxide production by Gram-negative flagellin involves signaling via heteromeric Toll-like receptor 5/Toll-like receptor 4 complexes. J Immunol. 170(12):6217-23.

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