PMA

Phorbol myristate acetate. NF-κB Activator

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), also known as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), is a specific activator of Protein Kinase C (PKC) and hence activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates numerous physiological functions and is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. It has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory processes, cancer, and autoimmune diseases[1].

PMA is the most common and potent phorbol ester. It is active at nanomolar concentrations and activates NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner [1]. PMA causes a wide range of effects in cells and tissues and is a very potent mouse skin tumor promoter [2, 3].

InvivoGen’s PMA is designed to study the NF-κB pathway in cellular assays.

Key Features of PMA:

• Potent activator of NF-κB in vitro

• Each lot of PMA is highly pure (≥98%) and functionally tested

References:

1. Hellweg C.E. et al., 2006. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B by different agents: influence of culture conditions in a cell-based assay. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1091:191-204.
2. Chang MS. et al., 2005. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells via Ras, Raf-1, ERK, and NF-kappaB, but not p38 MAPK, pathways. Cell Signal. 17(3):299-310.
3. Fürstenberger G. et al., 1981. Skin tumor promotion by phorbol esters is a two-stage process. PNAS. 78(12):7722-6.